Category Archives: Technology

Cold War Battle Damage: SAC intentionally machine-guns a B-52, using the B-D-I-G!

In April 1984, the U.S. Air Force’s (USAF) Strategic Air Command (SAC) conducted the sixth NIGHT TRAIN/GLOBAL SHIELD exercise, which took place on several USAF bases around the world.

Click here to read a PDF of a once secret USAF document about Night Train ’84.

Members of the 2953rd Combat Logistics Support Squadron arrive on Davis Monthan Air Force Base (The Boneyard), Arizona, for Exercise NIGHT TRAIN/GLOBAL SHIELD, April 1984. U.S. Air Force photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

On ‘The Boneyard’ (Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona), Night Train ’84 tested the Airmen’s ability to quickly repair battle damaged B-52 bombers, which included the use of experimental manually operated tools and a ‘Battel Damage Infliction Gun’.

The battle damage infliction gun is offloaded. The gun was provided by the Foreign Munitions Test and Evaluation Group of the Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

From left to right, 30mm fragmentation, 20mm high explosive, 20mm incendiary, and 20mm armor piercing. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

The BDIG. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

The BDIG was aimed at various parts of the sacrificial B-52. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Loading a 30mm frag round into the BDIG. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

A blast shield consisting of a steel framed bunch of wood 4x4s was used to reduce the spread of shrapnel. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

The BDIG is unleased. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

A 20mm high explosive round tears through the left wing tip of a mothballed B-52, April 1987. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

The damage done to the left wing tip area, the entry wound is smaller than the exit wound on the top of the wing, a lot of internal damage. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Airmen work to repair the internal damage. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Repair work was 24 hours, the exercise was simulating a combat situation, specifically a nuclear war with the Soviet Union. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

20mm projectiles punch through the B-52’s elevator. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Entry wound on the front main wheel bay. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Working in the massive wheel bay. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Building a shipping crate for a B-52’s main landing gear door. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Since the exercise was about a running nuclear war with the Soviet Union, Airmen had to perform their jobs in full MOPP (Mission Oriented Protective Posture) gear for NBC (Nuclear Biological Chemical) warfare. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Having been there done that myself, I can tell you that working even for a short time in full MOPP is a…… frustrating to say the least. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

An engine nacelle, damaged by the BDIG, had to be replaced. The Airman not wearing MOPP gear is an observer, grading the others on their performance. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Under cover of darkness, a sheet metal worker patches a large hole in the pylon holding the engine nacelle, made by the BDIG. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

At the time, this was an experimental manually operated ‘blind fastener’ installation kit used to repair sheet metal. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Manually operated tools are gold during a nuclear war. Nuclear explosions create EMPs (electro magnetic pulses) which knock out any electronics, and electric power. USAF photo by Technical Sergeant Rob Marshall.

Cold War Battle Damage: THE HIND-END OF DESERT STORM

Pandemic Overflight: BOMB THE VIRUS BACK TO THE STONEAGE!

Cold War Vehicle I-D: Convair UC-880, the one & only!

UC-880 at a U.S. Navy air show, May 1984. Photo by Don S. Montgomery.

The Convair UC-880 was the only 880-22M converted for use by the U.S. Navy.

Convair UC-880 at an air show, September 1985. Photo by Don S. Montgomery.

UC-880 was a former FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) training aircraft purchased in 1961 (airframe #22-7-3-55).  Flight Systems purchased the FAA 880-22M in 1980, for use at Naval Test Center-Patuxent River, it was used to test refueling of F-14D and F/A-18 aircraft, and other aircraft used during cruise missile testing.

UC-880 refueling a TA-4J Skyhawk, September 1986. USN photo.

Filling-up a F-4 Phantom-2, while an A-6 Intruder waits its turn, September 1986. USN photo.

The UC-880 wore at least two different paint schemes.

UC-880 during an ‘open house’ at the Patuxent River Naval Air Test Center, 16MAY1987. Photo by Don S. Montgomery.

Photo by Don S. Montgomery.

USN photo by Vernon Pugh, sometime in 1989.

Refueling F/A-18 Hornet. USN photo by Vernon Pugh, dated January 1990.

USN photo by Vernon Pugh, dated January 1990.

Refueling F/A-18EPE (Enhanced Performance Engines) Hornet. USN photo by Vernon Pugh, dated November 1991.

USN photo by Vernon Pugh, dated May 1992.

The only Convair UC-880 aircraft refuels the F-14D Tomcat prototype, August 1992. USN photo by Vernon Pugh.

August 1992. USN photo by Vernon Pugh.

The UC-880 was written-off after a cargo hold explosive decompression test, in 1995.

Vehicle I-D: NASA’S TWISTY-BENDY F/A-18A

NASA’S 737, TEST-BED FOR THE CIVILIAN AIRLINER INDUSTRY!

USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6): Steel Inferno, one Year later, Sabotage & lack of Leadership=Death of a Ship!

31 October 2021 (15:56-UTC-07 Tango 06) 09 Aban 1400/24 Rabi ‘al-Awwal 1443/26 Wu-Xu (9th month) 4719

“The original Bonhomme Richard Sailors gave their all to prevail against seemingly impossible odds, and they won. They taught us that you don’t always save the ship, but you never stop fighting. The reputation of that fighting spirit began to proceed our Navy wherever we sailed and that same spirit persists today.”-Rear Admiral Philip Sobeck, Expeditionary Strike Group Three, 14APR2021

In July of 2020, the Wasp Class assault ship United States Ship (USS) Bonhomme Richard LHD-6 was sabotaged by a disgruntled sailor. The fire burned for days, and not only were U.S. Navy (USN) fire fighters called to action but local San Diego area fire fighters as well.  63 people were slightly wounded.

Removal of the aft mast, 04AUG2020. U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Jeffrey F. Yale.

USN photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Jeffrey F. Yale.

The aft mast was removed due to structural integrity problems. USN photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Jeffrey F. Yale.

Just last week, the USN released a report concerning the fire, it blames current Standards of Practice (SoP) regarding maintenance practices such as stowage of combustible material and lack of proper training of maintenance crews. The Pacific Fleet Command Investigation also concluded that “a lack of familiarity with requirements and procedural noncompliance at multiple levels of command” made the result of the sabotage/fire much worse.

USN video by Mass Communication Specialist Third Class Cosmo Walrath, removal of Traffic Control Tower due to structural instability, 04MAR2021:

LHD-6 is the third USN ship to carry the name Bonhomme Richard, it had a short but busy life.  Commissioned on 15AUG1998, besides the usual training and humanitarian missions, LHD-6 took part in Operations Stabilize, Southern Watch, Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and Unified Assistance.

On its death bed, the crew celebrates the 22nd ‘birthday’ of LHD-6, on 14AUG2021. USN photo by Mass Communication Specialist Third Class Cosmo Walrath.

The first Bonhomme Richard was the ex-French armed cargo ship Duc de Duras. The French ‘loaned’ it to the newly created United States in 1779, to help with the Revolutionary War against the British Empire. The now famous John Paul Jones changed the name to Bonhomme Richard, which was the pseudonym for Benjamin Franklin. It was this USS Bonhomme Richard that Rear Admiral Philip Sobeck was referring to in the quote from 14APR2021.

USN photo by Mass Communication Specialist Second Class Alex Millar.

On 14APR2021, a private decommissioning ceremony for LHD-6 was held at Naval Base San Diego, California (the official date of decommissioning is 15APR2021).  It will be scrapped in Brownsville, Texas. The estimated cost to rebuild the ship is the reason, more than $3-billion, far more than the original build cost and almost as much as a brand new latest technology assault ship.

The USN used the Pandemic as an excuse as to why the decommissioning was not a public event: “Due to public health and safety concerns related to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the ceremony will be limited in attendance by invitation only.”-U.S. Pacific Fleet statement, 07APR2021

USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6), July 2020: INTO THE STEEL INFERNO!

Vehicle I-D: THE MANY LIVES OF LST-786

Cold War Battle Damage: USS Tripoli LPH-10 Desert Storm

The amphibious assault ship USS Tripoli (LPH-10) ships-out of Naval Station Subic Bay, Philippines, sailing for Operation Desert Shield/Storm. U.S. Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate Senior Chief Petty Officer McColley.

On 18FEB1991, the United States Ship (USS) Tripoli (aka Tripoli-2) LPH-10 (not to be confused with the new LHA-7 Tripoli) struck an Iraqi mine while sailing the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Storm.  Four crewmembers were injured, and the Tripoli went into drydock for repairs.

This U.S. Navy photo claims to show the Tripoli being tugged into a dry dock in Bahrain, after the mine incident, however the date on the photo is two weeks prior to the incident. Photo by Journalist First Class Petty Officer Joe Gawlowicz.

Tripoli was sailing (news reports conflict, some say Tripoli was the flagship for a minesweeping operation while others say only specialized minesweepers conduct such operations, USN sources say Tripoli was acting as a “mine clearing platform”) along with USS Princeton, both hit mines.  Tripoli was hit first, early in the morning before dawn (again conflicting times, some reports say 04:36, others say 04:40), two to three hours later Princeton was hit.  The ships were more than 60 miles apart when they hit mines.  Both ships were able to continue under their own power (one report says it took the crew of Tripoli seven hours to restore power).

As the water is drained from the dock, the damage is revealed. USN photo by Journalist First Class Petty Officer Joe Gawlowicz.

USN photo by Journalist First Class Petty Officer Joe Gawlowicz.

USN photo by Journalist First Class Petty Officer Joe Gawlowicz.

Size comparison of damage with puny humans. USN photo by Journalist First Class Petty Officer Joe Gawlowicz.

USN photo by Journalist First Class Petty Officer Joe Gawlowicz.

There are photos of the Naval Broadcast Service conducting video interviews about the Tripoli’s repairs, for Navy News This Week,  but unfortunately I couldn’t find the videos.

USN photo by Journalist First Class Petty Officer Joe Gawlowicz.

Tripoli was an Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ship, commissioned on 06AUG1966, and based in San Diego, California. Tripoli served several tours of duty off the coast of Viet Nam from 1967 to 1972. The assault ship had continuous problems with its propulsion system, in the first six months of 1977 Tripoli underwent propulsion system upgrades. Tripoli was decommissioned and stricken from USN records in September 1995. Tripoli got new life with the U.S. Army, from June 1997 to April 2015. Tripoli was scrapped sometime after 2018. For some strange reason, the USN History and Heritage Command does not mention Tripoli’s action during Operation Desert Storm on its official history page for the ship, the only ‘conflict’ they mention is Viet Nam.  However, they do mention Tripoli’s mine incident on its February 1991 chronology page.

Captain Bruce McEwen, commanding officer of the amphibious assault ship USS TRIPOLI (LPH-10), removes a symbolic band-aid after the mine damage was repaired. USN photo by Journalist Second Class Petty Officer Hatzakos, photo dated 01APR1991.

The Combat Action Ribbon was awarded to the crew of LPH-10 on 17MAR1991.

USN photo by Journalist Second Class Petty Officer Hatzakos.

USN photo by Journalist Second Class Petty Officer Hatzakos.

Operation Desert Shield/Storm can be considered the last battle of the undeclared/unofficial Cold War.

LPH-10 departs Naval Station Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on its way home to San Diego, July 1991. USN photo by Operations Specialist-2 John Bouvia.

Home again, Naval Station San Diego, 08AUG1991, USN photo by Journalist First Class Petty Officer Joseph F. Lancaster.

08AUG1991, USN photo by Journalist First Class Petty Officer Joseph F. Lancaster.

Robot Wars: SEAHAWK & SEA HUNTER

USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6), 2020: INTO THE STEEL INFERNO!

Recovery Ops, 2018: USS/DKM PRINZ EUGEN

Cold War Battle Damage: THE HIND-END OF DESERT STORM

Cold War Battle Damage: The Hind-End of Desert Storm

Mil 24, NATO reporting name Hind.

Hind is Middle English for rear end (hind end, hind leg), originating with Old English/Old German. Hind is also the name for female Red Deer who are three years of age or older. Hind is also the name for a type of speckled serranid fish in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Hind is also a word for a peasant/lower class worker.

The crews/countries who operate the Mil 24 have given it their own nicknames, such as Flying Tank, Drinking Glass and Satan’s Chariot.

Operation Desert Shield/Storm can be considered the last battle of the undeclared/unofficial Cold War.

United States Department of Defense photo by Staff Sergeant Dean Wagner, March 1991.

March 1991, photo by Staff Sergeant Dean Wagner.

U.S. DoD photo by Staff Sergeant Dean Wagner, March 1991.

March 1991, photo by Staff Sergeant Dean Wagner.

March 1991, photo by Staff Sergeant Dean Wagner.

March 1991, photo by Staff Sergeant Dean Wagner.

General Norman Schwarzkopf uses his foot to check-out the pieces & parts of an abandoned Hind. U.S. DoD photo by Staff Sergeant Dean Wagner, March 1991.

The captured Hinds were brought to Rafha Domestic Airport in Saudi Arabia. The airport is near the border with Iraq. Photo by Staff Sergeant Dean Wagner, March 1991.

A different Iraqi Hind, photo by Staff Sergeant Dean Wagner, March 1991.

Retractable nose gear pointing to heaven, all that is left of an Iraqi Hind, March 1991, photo by Sergeant Kimberly Yearyearn.

Desert Storm:

DoD photo.

IRAQ AIRCRAFT GRAVEYARD

Afghanistan 2020: MAINTAINING SATAN’S CHARIOT

Vehicle I-D 2020:

IRAQI HUEY

Cold War Vehicle I-D: TU-95 ‘BEAR’

 B-47 STRATOJET

Operation Jupiter: U.S. Army using Pandemic as excuse to inject you with Nano Tar Babies? And you’re paying for it!

28 October 2021 (04:05-UTC-07 Tango 06) 06 Aban 1400/21 Rabi ‘al-Awwal 1443/23 Wu-Xu (9th month) 4719

The U.S. Army’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency’s (DTRA) Chemical and Biological Technologies Department has joined with University of California San Diego’s (UCSD) Department of NanoEngineering, and with a company called Zhang Lab (led by Liangfang Zhang, professor of nanoengineering at UCSD), to study the use of nanosponges in humans.

The DTRA claims that test tube (invitro) testing showed that nanosponges could capture 90% of viruses invading your body. Nanosponges are biodegradable polymers wrapped by the membrane of ‘target cells’, once released in your body they are expected to trick the invading virus into thinking it is one of your cells and it attempts to infect it but gets stuck. Essentially the nanosponge is a nano-Tar Baby.

It should be noted that the nanosponge development began at the beginning of the Pandemic, and the invitro testing used the Coronavirus! The first scientific publication came out in June 2020.

The DTRA stated that nanosponges will be used for other ’emerging’ diseases “to protect the warfighter.”

But nanosponges aren’t being explored for use as Tar Babies, a June 2021 report stated that nanosponges could also be used to imitate your immune cells, and to deliver powerful drugs.  The study was done by UCSD/Zhang Lab, they injected mice with nanosponges that delivered anti-inflammatory drugs to the lungs of the mice.  The study was funded by U.S. taxpayers through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the DTRA’s Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense.

Vaccine Fail: ARE YOU A V-I-P? ADVERSE REACTIONS FAR WORSE THAN YOU THINK!

Operation Jupiter, September 2021: U.S. MILITARY’S NEW GLOBAL FEVER PROGRAM?

July 2021: COVID ‘BUBBLE BOY’ BOX? PROJECT WAS STARTED BEFORE THE PANDEMIC FOR THE PANDEMIC & YOU PAID FOR IT!

April 2021: U.S. ARMY MAKING ITS OWN COVID NANO-VACCINE!

Cold War Vehicle I-D: Tu-95 ‘Bear’

Tupolev 95, NATO reporting name Bear, in the mid-1950s the prototype/early production was called Tupolev 20. From official Soviet silent film, Tu-20s make a quick overfly of a parade in Moscow (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics did not like publicly displaying their bombers, especially new bombers), 1957:

Bear-As were bombers and did not have refueling probes.  Bear-B/Cs were bombers with refueling probes and could carry early style cruise missiles. Bear Ds were long rang maritime reconnaissance aircraft with radar bulges under chin and belly.  Bear Es were also recon aircraft, with the tail gun replaced by electronic sensors. Bear-G/H carried cruise missiles and had a differently shaped radar bulge under its chin.

Silent U.S. Air Force film, ‘Bear-D’ South East of Iceland, 21NOV1967:

Silent USAF film, ‘Bear D’ East of Iceland, 16JAN1968:

Silent USAF film, ‘Bear B’ (while the film’s slate says Bear B, the shape of the radome indicates a Bear G/H, definitely not a Bear-B) escorted by F-102 Delta Dagger, South East of Iceland, 20FEB1968:

Silent USAF film, ‘Bear-C’ (as above, the shape of the chin radome indicates a Bear-G/H, not a Bear-C) escorted by F-102 Delta Dagger, 20FEB1968:

Silent U.S. Navy film, ‘Bear Ds’ buzz USS Essex (CVS-9), May 1968:

Silent USN film from May 1971, F-4Js ‘escort’ a Tu-95:

‘Bear A’ near Iceland, March 1972.

F-8 Crusader escorts ‘Bear-D’, 25MAY1974, photo by Lieutenant Fessenden.

USN photo dated 15MAY1974.

F-106 Delta Dart escorts Bear-D.

Bicentennial F-4C/D escorts Bear-D.

F-14A escorts ‘Bear-D’, 15OCT1979.

F-4E escorts ‘Bear-A(?)’, 28SEP1980, photo by Master Sergeant Richard Diaz.

Somewhere over the North Atlantic, F-4Es escort ‘Bear-D’, September 1980, photo by Master Sergeant Richard Diaz.

There is also a gun turret under the rear fuselage, September 1980, photo by Master Sergeant Richard Diaz.

Texas Air National Guard F-4C escorts Bear-D, August 1981.

1982, ‘Bear-A’.

‘Bear-D’ over the Mediterranean Sea, May 1983.

U.S. Navy photo, published January 1984.

‘Bear-E’ (notice the fairing where the tail gun would be), August 1985.

Pukin Dogs F-14s escort Bear-D.

‘Bear-E’ with F-14D, August 1985. You can see the tail gun position is faired over, but there is still a gun turret underneath the rear fuselage.

A-7E escorts Bear-D, September/October 1985.

‘Bear E/G/H(?)’, U.S. Navy photo published July 1987.

‘Bear G/H(?)’, USN photo published August 1988.

Cold War Vehicle I-D: B-47 STRATOJET

Modern Vehicle I-D: SUKHOI 24

Cold War Vehicle I-D: B-47 Stratojet

B-47 engine nacelle at the Glenn Research Center Altitude Wind Tunnel, Ohio.

1953, crew of B-47A pose for photo after 1000th test mission.

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) B-47A, August 1953.

NACA B-47A, Edwards Air Force Base, August 1953. Nose probe for measuring airspeed, altitude, angle-of-attack and angle-of-sideslip, and an optigraph behind cockpit for measuring the movements of target lights on the wing and tail.

According to Boeing, only the XB-47, B-47A and B-47B had rocket assisted take off (RATO, officially and incorrectly called JATO jet assisted take off, they were rockets not jets).

Silent USAF film of RATO by B-47Bs during the National Air Show, from August to September 1955, over Pennsylvania:

Photo via Boeing.

Silent U.S. Air Force film, glass nosed B-47A gets refueled by KC-97:

Silent USAF film of refuel demonstration by KC-97 during the National Air Show, from August to September 1955, over Pennsylvania:

1000th B-47, an E model.

USAF film explaining how changes made to B-47E elevator trim tabs played a role in a crash, however they still blame the pilot:

Silent USAF film of formation flights during the National Air Show, from August to September 1955, over Pennsylvania. I left in scenes of three B-52s to show similarity of the silhouette:

Silent USAF film of landings by B-47Bs & Es during the National Air Show, from August to September 1955, over Pennsylvania:

RB-47E refuels from KC-97.

Silent USAF film, B-47 loses control while landing, crashes and burns:

YDB-47B carrying GAM-63 Rascal missile.

Pinecastle AFB, City of Winter Park wins Strategic Air Command competition, November 1957.

Old Blue, McKoy AFB, October 1959.

Hunter AFB, WB-47E City of Savannah Hurricane Hunter I, September 1963.

Very quick silent USAF color film of cockpit view from B-47 refueling from KC-135:

Spirit prepares to leave Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake on its final flight, 17JUN1986, photo by Technical Sergeant Michael Haggerty.

Final flight B-47E Spirit, 17JUN1986, photo by Technical Sergeant Michael Haggerty.

Spirit inbound to Castle AFB, 17JUN1986, photo by Technical Sergeant Michael Haggerty.

B-47E Spirit, 17JUN1986, photo by Staff Sergeant Robert Gillette.

The show is over for B-47E Spirit, 17JUN1986, photo by Staff Sergeant Robert Gillette.

Davis Monthan AFB, October 1988, photo by Senior Airman Alan R. Wycheck.

2018 USAF video, Little Rock Air Force Base does short history of B-47:

Grissom Air Museum: B-47B

Strategic Air Command & Aerospace Museum: B-47E

Air Force Magazine: The B-47s Deadly Dominance

Vehicle I-D: ROKAF 대한민국 공군 PHANTOMS

XB-70A VALKYRIE

Vehicle I-D: More of Type 74

Japan’s Type-74 battle tank was designed in the 1960s and produced in the 1970s and ’80s (during the Cold War). It is to remain active with the Japan Ground Self Defense Forces (JGSDF) until 2024.

Camp Fuji, Japan, 16JUN2021, U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Corporal Scott Aubuchon.

USMC photo by Lance Corporal Scott Aubuchon, June 2021.

USMC photo by Lance Corporal Scott Aubuchon, June 2021.

USMC photo by Lance Corporal Scott Aubuchon, June 2021.

Camp Nihonbara, November 2020, USMC photo by Lance Corporal Tyler Harmon.

Camp Nihonbara, November 2020, USMC photo by Lance Corporal Tyler Harmon.

For the first time Japanese Type 74s invaded California’s Fort Irwin, in January 2014. U.S. Army photo by Staff Sergeant Chris McCullough.

U.S. Army video of Type 74 live-fire on Fort Irwin-National Training Center (NTC), California, January 2014:

NTC, California, January 2014, U.S. army photo.

NTC, California, January 2014, U.S. army photo.

Hijudai Maneuver Area, August 2012, USMC photo.

Mitsubishi Type 74 Main Battle Tank, Ojojihara Training Area, June 2001, U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Corporal Chance W. Haworth.

Ojojihara Training Area, June 2001, USMC photo by Lance Corporal Chance W. Haworth.

USMC photo by Lance Corporal Chance W. Haworth.

Vehicle I-D: TYPE 7-4 INVADES EVERGREEN STATE! PREPS FOR WAR WITH CHINA?

Vehicle I-D: Korean 대한민국 K1

The Hyundai Precision K1 (aka Type 88) was based on the Chrysler’s XM1, it is armed with the M68E1 105mm gun, which is identifiable by its ‘coffee can’ looking bore evacuator.  The K1A1 is armed with a license built version of the Rheinmetall 120mm gun.

April 1987, prototype XK1 near the town of Yoju, photo by Staff Sergeant Arnold W. Kalmanson.

Twin Bridges Training Area, October/November 1998, U.S. Air Force photo by Technical Sergeant James Mossman.

Twin Bridges Training Area, October 1998, USAF photo by Technical Sergeant James Mossman.

March 2002, Twin Bridges Training Grounds, U.S. Navy photo by Journalist Petty Officer Second Class Stacy Young.

USN photo by Journalist Petty Officer Second Class Stacy Young.

March 2004, U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sergeant D. Myles Cullen.

Camp Casey, Gyeonggi-do Province, March 2006, U.S. Army photo by Sergeant Christopher Kaufmann.

USA photo by Sergeant Christopher Kaufmann.

March 2006, K1 onboard U.S. Navy hovercraft, USA photo by Sergeant Christopher Kaufmann.

USA photo by Sergeant Christopher Kaufmann, K1 loading onto rail flat cars, March 2006.

USA photo by Sergeant Christopher Kaufmann, Camp Casey, March 2006.

August 2010, Camp Casey. In this USA photo by Sergeant Ryan Elliott, note the differences between the 120mm gunned M1A1 and the 105mm gunned K1.

April 2012, USA photo by Major Gabriel Zinni.

April 2012 U.S. Army video report, live fire gunnery with Stryker M1128 MGS and K1:

Rodriguez Live Fire Complex, March 2015, USA photo by Specialist Steven Hitchcock.

April 2017 U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) video, by Staff Sergeant Braden Anderson, K1 platoon formation live fire of main gun and coax while on-the-move on Susŏng Ri live fire range:

USMC photo by Corporal Anthony Morales, March 2017, Susŏng Ri Range, Pohang.

USMC photo by Corporal Anthony Morales, March 2017, Susŏng Ri Range, Pohang.

March 2017 USMC video by Corporal Jordan Walker, overhead view of K1 live fire while ‘Sagger’ maneuvering (no audio from drone cam) on Susŏng Ri live fire range, from TC (Tank Commander) position including smoke grenade launches:

USMC photo by Corporal Anthony Morales, March 2017, Susŏng Ri Range, Pohang.

Vehicle I-D:KOREAN 대한민국 M48

KOREAN 대한민국 M47