Cold War: Approximately 1947 (due to U.S. President Harry Truman’s Truman Doctrine) to 1991 (Operation Desert Storm, collapse of Soviet Union).
Based upon a backwards Soviet T-54/55 battle tank chassis/lower hull, the BAT-M (бульдозер артиллерийском тягаче модернизированный, Bulldozer Artillery Tractor-Modernized) is basically a bulldozer, but western/NATO military analysts prefer to call it by the more mil-speak sounding title of ‘route clearing vehicle’. The lower hull of the T-54/55 was rotated so that the power pack (motor/transmission) and drive sprockets were at the front of the vehicle. It uses a manually operated transmission.
The BAT-M crew-cab is a widen/modified ZIS truck cabin. Supposedly 35-thousand were built by 1979, when production stopped. Today, most are rusting away, some are for sale.
Beyond: Post Cold War, Balkan Wars, War on Terror, Battle for Ukraine, 1992 to present.
Former Warsaw Pact-Poland becomes NATO-Poland in March 1999, despite a February 1990 promise by the United States Secretary of State, James Baker, that NATO would not expand “one inch eastward”.
Museum of Military Technology: BAT-M
Quick, silent U.S. Army video from June 2013:
Video by U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Rakeem Carter, 08FEB2024:
Warsaw Pact vehicles now used by NATO: POLAND
Cold War era Warsaw Pact BAT-2 engineer vehicle now NATO’s Kosovo car basher!
Cold War & Beyond: MIKOYAN-GUREVICH MIG-29