Tag Archives: b-29

Disaster Warnings: Tornado forecasting, it started with the USAF in 1948!

According to an April 1998 article written by a former historian with the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center, James Crowder, tornado forecasting began in 1948, after two tornadoes touched down on Tinker Air Force Base (AFB), Oklahoma.

At one time Tinker AFB was used to store more than 2-thousand World War Two aircraft. The Twin Twister hit several of the P-47 Thunderbolts.

The first tornado struck on 20MAR1948, the second on 25MAR1948.  The U.S. Air Force (USAF) weather (wx) forecasters on duty that day were new to the area, and were using an early form of wx radar that was actually a cannibalized bombing/navigation radar (AN-PQ-13) off a B-29 bomber!  They had forecasted gusty winds, but 30 minutes after their forecast a storm popped-up on their bombing radar, and it produced a tornado.

This photo is dated 20MAR1948. C-54 transports now fraternizing with B-29 bombers.

Final damage cost estimate of the 20MAR1948 tornado was  $10.25-million (in 1948 dollars), six people injured. The based commander, Major General Fred S. ‘Fritz’ Borum, was outraged at the lack of warning. The Major General was an armchair scientist, and known as an innovator and experimenter.  Major General Borum ordered the creation of the first official tornado disaster preparedness plan, then he ordered the two top wx officers on base to do something never done before; forecast tornadoes.

Major Ernest J. Fawbush and Captain Robert C. Miller, the first to predict a tornado on 25MAR1948. Photo by April McDonald.

Major Ernest J. Fawbush and Captain Robert C. Miller were literal veteran wx-men, serving in the Pacific Theater of the Second World War.  Going by what James Crowder wrote, they seemed obsessed with the idea of formulating a way to determine if a thunderstorm would produce tornadoes.  They worked almost non stop gathering as much data as they could, their ‘shop’ became the first severe wx warning research center in the United States.  Then on 25MAR1948, while having lunch Fawbush and Miller noticed the wx changing much like it did five days prior, they notified their ‘higher-ups’.  They, and the base commander, watched on that former B-29 radar as the storm system grew bigger.  The Major General demanded a definite prediction about a possible tornado, “Are we going to have another tornado or not?”, they responded by giving the first ever tornado alert by simply saying “Yes; yes, sir. We are.” 

However, almost two hours went by without a tornado, the USAF wx forecasters thought for sure their careers were over, then another hour went by and boom, the second tornado hit. While everybody was sheltering, the base commander stood in the doorway of his living quarters and watch the twister tear through even more aircraft.

Altus AFB, Oklahoma, a tornado shoved two massive C-5A Galaxy into each other. 49 buildings damaged, 27 people injured. USAF photo by Staff Sergeant Philip Schmitter, 11MAY1982.

Major Fawbush and Captain Miller were soon flooded with data from private sector wx-men, the Oklahoma City Weather Bureau, the National Weather Bureau, as well as the USAF’s Air Weather Service, and the U.S. Navy’s weather organizations. In February 1951, they established the USAF’s Severe Weather Warning Center on Tinker AFB.  Of the 75 tornado predictions they made, 67 of them actually happened.  They both had long careers predicting wx for the U.S. military/government.  Major General ‘Fritz’ Borum retired from the USAF in 1954.

One of several Langley AFB, Virginia, F-15 Eagles after getting swiped by a tornado. USAF photo, August 1993.

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Airborne Hurricane Hunters, when did it all start?

The first hurricane (typhoon) hunter was a pilot flying a Second World War T-6 Texan through the eye of a hurricane, on a dare!  Realizing that flying through a hurricane was doable, the U.S. Air Force set upon a long journey of modifying aircraft to collect weather data about hurricanes.

The first data collected, in 1944 by B-25 bombers (WB-25 Army Hurricane Reconnaissance Unit), is credited with saving hundreds of lives.  Prior to the development of airborne hurricane hunters, thousands of people in the United States died as a result of hurricanes, but after the use of flying weather trackers the average death toll dropped significantly.

Painting by Thomas Wojahn of a WB-50 of the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron, Falcon Alpha Mission-1957.

Perhaps the name The Hurricane Hunters came from the the title of a book first published in 1955 about the U.S. military’s obsession with tracking hurricanes. Download your free copy here.

Silent U.S. Navy film, from 1961, showing the use of the EC-121 Warning Star (WV-2) ‘AWACS’ as a hurricane hunter:

Hunter AFB, WB-47E City of Savannah Hurricane Hunter I, September 1963.

Even the B-47 strategic bomber (WB-47) was used as a Hurricane Hunter.

WC-130 Hercules f the 815th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron, 920th Weather Reconnaissance Group, being prepared for a mission to monitor Hurricane Allen, August 1980.

Official USAF video history report, including the T-6, B-25, B-29 (WB-50) and C-130:

A USAF WC-130 Hercules from the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron, ‘Hurricane Hunters’, Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi. USAF photo dated 1995.

But it not just lives that are saved with the creation of airborne hurricane hunters, in this 2018 video report about the purpose of the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron (Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi) it’s revealed that mass evacuations of the public cost one-million USD per mile of coastline!  Taxpayer costs can be reduced by providing accurate weather data to allow for more timely evacuation orders:

HurricaneHunters.com

WC-130J & WP-3D: HUNTING DORIAN

T-6 SNJ TEXAN POKEY AIRPORT, 2012 & 2014

Time to see the ‘Doc’

These USAF pics of Boeing B-29 Superfortress ‘Doc’ were taken at the Wings over Whitman Air & Space Show, in Missouri, 14JUN2019.  You didn’t have to worry about that new fangled stall software grounding all those Boeing airliners today.

Flight engineer station.

You know what kind of grin that is!

Video, B-29 Doc taxis-in, Whiteman, 09JUN2019:

Video from June 2017, McConnell AFB, Kansas, B-29 take-off, co-piloted by Brigadier General Paul W. Tibbets the Fourth, grandson of the pilot who flew the Enola Gay:

Official video report, after 60 years B-29 Doc comes back from the dead:

Restoration efforts, 2014.

B-29 NAVIGATOR: “WOULD I EVEN BE ALIVE TO EAT THE SANDWICH I SAVED?”

B-29 navigator: “Would I even be alive to eat the sandwich I saved?”

“We lost so many good men, I don’t have many fond memories. My crew almost perished during a mission over the city of Gifu, where we were shot up so badly, bailing out of the plane seemed like the only option. Why we did not die that day, I will never know.”-Rowland Ball

In 2016, Rowland Ball made a trip to Guam.  It had been 71 years since the last time he was there.  During World War Two he was a navigator on the Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber Weddin’ Belle (back when the U.S. Air Force was called the U.S. Army Air Force).

The B-29 missions were long, 18 hours.  Ball told a captive audience of Air Force personnel “The cooks would give us three sandwiches for an 18-hour mission. I had to decide how I would eat them. Should I eat two before a bomb run or after? Would I even be alive to eat the sandwich I saved? One time, ice cream was included in our meal. Now why would they give us ice cream of all things? So, during that mission, we decided to fly at a higher altitude than normal, to keep it frozen. Unfortunately, by the time we completed our mission, the ice cream was unsalvageable.”

Rowland Ball checks out the assortment of kool models at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam.

Ball was impressed with the latest USAF technology for navigation: “It’s mind-boggling the type of equipment we have now. The technical advantages have come a long way since my time. I remember having to look up at the stars to navigate, but now there is this amazing equipment that makes navigating much easier and efficient. It’s a different world altogether.” 

 

MODEL KIT EC-130J GETS SPECIAL HANDLING BY NATIONAL GUARD!

Repairing 1/1 scale T-38 Talon and other Whiteman Gate Guards (and a reduced scale B-2 bomber)

U.S. Air Force photo by Airman First Class Parker J. McCauley, 18JUN2019.

During the middle of June, 2019, 509th Maintenance Squadron ‘low-observable maintenance’ Airmen began work to restore Whiteman Air Force Base’s (in Missouri) T-38 gate guard named Spirit of Heartland.

USAF photo by Airman First Class Parker J. McCauley, 18JUN2019.

USAF photo by Airman First Class Parker J. McCauley, 18JUN2019.

USAF photo by Airman First Class Parker J. McCauley, 06AUG2019.

The T-38 is one of several 509th Bomb Wing static displays on base which also includes the B-29 Superfortress, B-47 Stratojet, B-52 Stratofortress and the FB-111A Aardvark.

USAF photo by Airman First Class Parker J. McCauley, 06AUG2019.

In May 2018, the B-29 The Great Artiste was restored.  According to the official report  “…the original aircraft was lost during a crash landing at Goose Bay Air Base, in Labrador, Canada, in 1949. So, another B-29 was painted as a replica for static display. The static display was eventually moved to Whiteman AFB from Pease AFB when the New Hampshire base closed in 1991.”

USAF photo by Airman Michaela Slanchik, 10AUG2017.

In August 2017, a reduced scale B-2 Spirit was donated by Northrop-Grumman.  The B-2 replica weighs 600 pounds and is 22 feet in length compared to the actual B-2’s true length of 172 feet.  It is one of 50 donated by Northrop Grumman.

USAF photo by Senior Airman Joel Pfiester, 13SEP2016.

In September 2016, the FB-111A gate guard underwent corrosion prevention painting, some calling it operation Dark Vark.

In 2015, the Missouri Air National Guard 131st Bomb Wing moved to Whiteman AFB, and brought their F-4, F-15 and F-100 gate guards with them. Missouri Air National Guard video by Technical Sergeant Elise Rich, June 2015:

Guam: 1/1 SCALE F-4 PHANTOM-2 MODEL

Wyoming Air National Guard photo by Senior Master Sergeant Charles Delano.

Down in the mud, shot-up, Wyoming SLUF